The following quote is from pg 136 of “The Myth of Free Trade” by Dr. Ravi Batra.
The gross national product of the United States quadrupled between 1869 and 1900 when measured in constant (1929) dollars. In spite of a mushrooming population, real wages jumped 50 percent, retail prices tumbled 37 percent, and annual per capita income rose from $223 in 1869 to almost $500 in 1900.
The advances were most significant in the area where free traders would least expect them: the protected manufacturing sector. Industrial production quadrupled between 1870 and 1900, and at the turn of the century manufacturing had become the premier sector of the economy, accounting for 53 percent of its total product and 22 percent of its labor force. But perhaps the most telling statistic of all is that during this period, the United States, led by manufacturing, became the preeminent economic power in the world. Would free trade have done that? Absolutely not. It were up to free traders, America would still be a prominent agrarian economy.
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Free Trade and income taxes are NOT the way it will be done in the Utopian States or the Utopian City-States. At least not in those city-states with significant manufacturing.